Dies ist eine überholte Version, die am 2021-06-15 veröffentlicht wurde. Lesen Sie die aktuellste Version.

Increased somatic cell counts at first milk control are associated with decreased milk yield in the first lactation in dairy heifers

Autor/innen

Martin tho Seeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-6367
Volker Krömker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-2502

Schlagworte:

mastitis, intramammary infection, udder health, dairy heifers, milk production

Abstract

Intramammary infections have a negative impact on the development of the mammary gland, udder health, the risk of clinical mastitis in early lactation, the risk of premature culling and future milk production in dairy heifers. The aim of this study was to reveal whether and how the somatic cell count of the first dairy herd improvement (DHI) affects the 305 day milk yield (energy corrected milk) of first lactation in German dairy heifers. Also, to investigate whether the threshold of 100,000 cells/ml used in Germany for herd analysis is appropriate to estimate possible economic losses, as the threshold of 200,000 cells/ml is often used in other countries. In addition, it should be examined whether a milk loss, which is associated with an increased initial SCC, differs between different German dairy cattle breeds Heifers with a SCC in the first DHI test of > 100,000 cells/ml showed a significantly (p <0.001) lower milk yield (on average -98.3 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -116.4 - -80.2) during the first lactation compared to heifers with an SCC ≤ 100,000 cells/ml. Heifers with a SCC in the first DHI test of > 200,000 cells/ml also showed a significantly (p <0.001) lower milk yield (on average -96.3 kg; 95% CI: -118.4 - -74.2) in the first lactation compared to heifers with a SCC ≤ 200,000 cells/ml. The effect of milk loss due to an increased initial SCC did not differ significantly between the breeds. It appears to be possible possible to use both thresholds for assessing udder health in individual heifers and at herd level. However, the present study only shows the relationship between increased SCC and the loss of milk yield measured in different German breeds of dairy heifers. Future studies must validate further risk factors that influence the udder health of dairy heifers.

Literaturhinweise

Rollin E, Dhuyvetter KC, Overton MW. The cost of clinical mastitis in the first 30 days of lactation: An economic modeling tool. Prev Vet Med 2015; 122: 257-64.

International Dairy Federation. Economic consequences of mastitis. In: Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 2005, Brussels No 394.

Piepers S, De Vliegher S, de Kruif A, Opsomer G, Barkema HW. Impact of intramammary infections in dairy heifers on future udder health, milk production, and culling. Vet Microbiol 2009; 134: 113–120.

Krömker V, Pfannenschmidt F, Helmke K, Andersson R, Grabowski NT. Risk factors for intramammary infections and subclinical mastitis in post partum dairy heifers. J Dairy Res 2012; 79: 304–309.

Edinger D, Tenhagen BA, Heuwieser W, Kalbe, P, Klunder G, Baumgärtner B. Effect of puerperal mastitis in primiparous cows on milk production, cell count and culling. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1999; 106: 470–474.

Coffey EM, Vinson WE, Pearson RE. Somatic cell counts and infection rates for cows of varying somatic cell count in initial test of first lactation. J Dairy Sci 1986; 69: 552–555.

De Vliegher S, Barkema HW, Stryhn H, Opsomer G, de Kruif A. Impact of early lactation somatic cell count in heifers on milk yield over the first lactation. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88: 938–947.

Bludau MJ, Maeschli A, Leiber F, Steiner A, Klocke P. Mastitis in dairy heifers: Prevalence and risk factors. Vet J 2014; 202: 566–572.

Schrick FN, Hockett ME, Saxton AM, Lewis MJ, Dowlen HH, Oliver SP. Influence of subclinical mastitis during early lactation on reproductive parameters. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84: 1407–1412.

Piepers S, Peeters K, Opsomer G, Barkema HW, Frankena K, De Vliegher S. Pathogen group specific risk factors at herd, heifer and quarter levels for intramammary infections in early lactating dairy heifers. Prev Vet Med 2011; 99: 91–101.

Schalm OW. Streptococcus agalactiae in the udder of heifers at parturition traced to sucking among calves. Cornell Vet 1942; 32: 39–60.

Meaney WJ. Mastitis levels in spring calving heifers. Irish Vet J 1981; 35: 205–220.

Seno N, Azuma R. A study on heifer mastitis in Japan and its causative microorganisms. Natl Inst Anim Health Q 1983; 23: 82–91.

Nitz J, Krömker V, Klocke D, Wente N, Zhang Y, tho Seeth M. Intramammary Infections in Heifers - Time of Onset and Associated Risk Factors. Animals 2020; 10(6), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061053

Krömker V, Friedrich J. Teat canal closure in non-lactating heifers and its association with udder health in the consecutive lactation. Vet Microbiol 2009; 134: 100–105.

Piepers S, Opsomer G, Barkema HW, de Kruif A, De Vliegher S. Heifers infected with CNS in early lactation have fewer cases of clinical mastitis and a higher milk production in their first lactation than non-infected heifers. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93: 2014–2024.

Fox LK. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors in heifer mastitis. Vet Microbiol 2009; 134: 82–88.

De Vliegher S, Fox LK, Piepers S, McDougall S, Barkema HW. Invited review: Mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95: 1025-40.

De Vliegher S, Laevens H, Barkema HW, Dohoo I, Stryhn H, Opsomer G, de Kruif A. Management practices and heifer characteristics associated with early lactation somatic cell counts of dairy heifers in Belgium. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87: 937–947

Compton, CWR, Heuer C, Parker KI, McDougall S. Risk factors for peripartum mastitis in pasture-grazed dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 4171–4180.

Waage S, Sviland S, Ødegaard SA. Identification of risk factors for clinical mastitis in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81: 1275–1284.

Huijps K, De Vliegher S, Lam T, Hogeveen H. Cost estimation of heifer mastitis in early lactation by stochastic modelling. Vet Microbiol 2009; 134: 121-7.

GfE. Empfehlungen für Energie und Nährstoffversorgung der Milchkühe und Aufzuchtrinder. DLG Verlag. Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 2001.

Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. In IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1974; vol. 19, no. 6: 716-723.

Ali A, Shook GE. An optimum transformation for somatic cell con-centration in milk. J Dairy Sci 1980; 63: 487–90.

Wiggans GR, Shook GE. A Lactation Measure of Somatic Cell Count. J Dairy Sci. 1987; 70(12):2666–72.

De Vliegher S, Barkema HW, Stryhn H, Opsomer G, de Kruif A. Impact in dairy heifers of early lactation somatic cell count on somatic cell counts during the first lactation. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87: 3672–3682.

De Vliegher S, Barkema HW, Opsomer G, de Kruif A, Duchateau L. Association between somatic cell count in early lactation and culling of dairy heifers using Cox frailty models. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88: 560–568.

Compton CWR, Heuer C, Parker KI, McDougall S. Epidemiology of mastitis in pasture-grazed peripartum dairy heifers and its effects on productivity. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 4157–4170.

Tucker HA. Quantitative estimates of mammary growth during various physiological states: a review. J Dairy Sci 1987; 70 :1958-66.

Trinidad P, Nickerson SC, Alley TK. 1990. Prevalence of intramammary infection and teat canal colonization in unbred and primigravid dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 1990; 73: 107–114.

Kirk JH, Wright JC, Berry SL, Reynolds JP, Maas JP, Ahmadi A. Relationship of milk culture status at calving with somatic cell counts and milk production of dairy heifers during early lactation on a Californian dairy. Prev Vet Med 1996; 28: 187–198.

Krömker V, Friedrich J. Empfehlungen zum diagnostischen Aufwand im Rahmen der Mastitisbekämpfung auf Bestandsebene [Recommendations for diagnostic measures regarding mastitis control on herd level]. Prakt Tierarzt 2011; 92: 516–524.

Krömker V, Bruckmaier RM, Frister H, Kützemeier T, Rudzik L, Sach T, Zangerl P. Kurzes Lehrbuch der Milchkunde und Milchhygiene. Parey. Stuttgart, Germany, 2007.